Which vitamin deficiencies may occur in patients with cystic fibrosis?

Patients with cystic fibrosis often experience malabsorption of nutrients due to pancreatic insufficiency, which significantly impacts the absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. The vitamins that are most commonly deficient in these patients are vitamins D, E, A, and K.

Vitamin D is crucial for calcium absorption and maintaining bone health, while vitamin E acts as an antioxidant, protecting cells from damage. Vitamin A is vital for vision and immune function, and vitamin K is essential for proper blood clotting. The malabsorption issues associated with cystic fibrosis lead to deficiencies in these fat-soluble vitamins, making them critical to monitor and supplement as necessary in this patient population.

Other options include vitamins and minerals that might not have a direct correlation with cystic fibrosis-related malabsorption. For example, while vitamin B12 and iron can be important in various contexts, they are not primary concerns related to cystic fibrosis. Thus, the correct answer highlights the specific vitamin deficiencies that are directly linked to the condition's effects on nutrient absorption.