Which side effect is commonly associated with angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs)?

Hyperkalemia is a common side effect associated with angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) due to their mechanism of action. ARBs work by blocking the effects of angiotensin II, a powerful vasoconstrictor that can also stimulate aldosterone secretion. Aldosterone promotes sodium reabsorption and potassium excretion in the kidneys. When ARBs inhibit the effects of angiotensin II, there is a decrease in aldosterone production, resulting in reduced potassium excretion and potential retention of potassium in the bloodstream, which can lead to hyperkalemia.

Patients taking ARBs need to be monitored for potassium levels, especially if they have renal impairment or are on other medications that can elevate potassium levels. This understanding is vital for managing patients effectively while minimizing the risk of complications associated with hyperkalemia, such as cardiac arrhythmias.

Other side effects associated with ARBs can include hypotension, particularly in volume-depleted patients, but hyperkalemia is more directly linked to the pharmacological effects of these medications. Hypokalemia and bradycardia are not typical side effects of ARBs; thus, recognizing hyperkalemia as a significant concern is essential in the context of ARB therapy.