Which lab abnormalities are commonly associated with lithium use?

The correct answer identifies low sodium and hypothyroidism as common lab abnormalities associated with lithium use. Lithium is a mood stabilizer commonly prescribed for bipolar disorder, and its therapeutic effects can significantly influence various metabolic functions.

Low sodium levels, or hyponatremia, can occur in patients on lithium therapy due to lithium's effects on renal handling of sodium. Lithium can interfere with the kidneys' ability to concentrate urine, leading to increased sodium excretion, especially if the patient is dehydrated or has a low sodium intake. Consequently, monitoring serum sodium levels is essential in patients receiving lithium.

Additionally, hypothyroidism is another recognized side effect of long-term lithium use. Lithium can inhibit thyroid hormone release and affect thyroid function, leading to an underactive thyroid condition. Regular monitoring of thyroid function tests is recommended for patients on lithium, as early detection and management of hypothyroidism are vital.

The other choices present lab abnormalities that are not typically associated with lithium use. High sodium is not a common consequence, as stated. Low calcium is not a recognized effect of lithium either, nor are high glucose and low potassium typically related to its use. Thus, the combination of low sodium and hypothyroidism is a well-documented consequence of lithium therapy.