Which condition is related to insensitivity of the renal tubules to ADH?

Diabetes insipidus is characterized by the body’s inability to concentrate urine due to insensitivity of the renal tubules to antidiuretic hormone (ADH), also known as vasopressin. In this condition, the kidneys fail to reabsorb water effectively, leading to excessive urination (polyuria) and increased thirst (polydipsia).

The underlying problem in diabetes insipidus can be due to either a deficiency of ADH (central diabetes insipidus) or a resistance to its effects in the kidneys (nephrogenic diabetes insipidus). When the renal tubules do not respond appropriately to ADH, the result is a large volume of dilute urine. This pathophysiology highlights why this condition is specifically related to insensitivity to ADH.

In contrast, diabetes mellitus involves issues with insulin and glucose metabolism, while hyperthyroidism and hypoparathyroidism relate to hormonal imbalances that do not directly impact ADH's action on the kidneys. Therefore, diabetes insipidus is the condition that directly reflects the renal tubules' insensitivity to ADH.