Which condition is characterized by joint swelling in the distal interphalangeal joints?

The condition characterized by joint swelling in the distal interphalangeal joints is indeed osteoarthritis. This degenerative joint disease typically affects older adults and is often related to wear and tear on the joints over time. In osteoarthritis, the cartilage that cushions the ends of the bones wears down, leading to pain, swelling, and decreased joint mobility.

The distal interphalangeal joints, which are located at the tips of the fingers, are particularly prone to osteoarthritis changes. Patients may present with bony enlargements known as Heberden's nodes at these joints due to the proliferation of bone in response to the degenerative process.

While systemic lupus erythematosus, gout, and rheumatoid arthritis can also cause joint swelling, they typically do not present with isolated swelling in the distal interphalangeal joints in the same manner. Rheumatoid arthritis commonly affects the proximal interphalangeal joints and is characterized by symmetrical joint involvement. Gout often affects the big toe first (first metatarsophalangeal joint) and is due to hyperuricemia. Systemic lupus erythematosus can cause a variety of joint issues but is more systemic in nature and does not specifically target the distal interphalangeal joints