Which chromosome is commonly associated with chronic myeloid leukemia (CML)?

Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is primarily associated with the Philadelphia chromosome, which is a specific genetic abnormality resulting from a translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22. This genetic alteration leads to the formation of the BCR-ABL fusion gene, which produces an abnormal tyrosine kinase that promotes the uncontrolled division of myeloid cells.

The presence of the Philadelphia chromosome is significant for diagnosing CML and has implications for treatment, as it is a target for specific therapies such as tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Recognizing the importance of this chromosomal abnormality helps healthcare professionals understand the molecular basis of the disease and tailor appropriate interventions.

While other chromosomes mentioned in the options may be relevant to different conditions or biological processes, they are not specifically linked to the etiology of CML like the Philadelphia chromosome is.