What risk is associated with Cushing's syndrome due to elevated cortisol levels?

Cushing's syndrome is characterized by prolonged exposure to elevated levels of cortisol, which can lead to several metabolic complications. One of the significant risks associated with this condition is the increased likelihood of developing diabetes and cardiovascular disease.

The pathophysiology behind this involves cortisol’s role in glucose metabolism. Elevated cortisol levels can result in insulin resistance, leading to higher blood glucose levels and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. Additionally, cortisol promotes hypertension, dyslipidemia, and other metabolic derangements, all of which are risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The combination of these factors contributes to a higher incidence of both diabetes and cardiovascular issues among individuals with Cushing's syndrome.

While additional risks such as obesity or infertility may indeed be relevant in the context of Cushing's syndrome, the direct and more pressing concern remains the synergistic effects of hypercortisolism on glucose metabolism and cardiovascular health, making diabetes and cardiovascular disease the most critical risks to recognize.