What medication is commonly used preoperatively for pheochromocytoma?

Phentolamine is commonly used preoperatively for pheochromocytoma because it is an alpha-adrenergic antagonist that effectively manages the hypertensive episodes associated with this condition. Pheochromocytoma is a tumor of the adrenal glands that secretes catecholamines, leading to elevated blood pressure, tachycardia, and other cardiovascular symptoms. By using phentolamine, clinicians are able to block the effects of catecholamines, thus stabilizing the patient's hemodynamic status before surgery.

Managing blood pressure is crucial for patients undergoing surgery for pheochromocytoma, as uncontrolled hypertension can lead to complications during and after the procedure. Phentolamine helps to achieve better control over blood pressure without the risks associated with inflammatory processes, which can be exacerbated by the tumors.

The other medications listed do not serve the same purpose for this specific condition. Metformin is used primarily for managing type 2 diabetes and does not address the complications associated with pheochromocytoma. Spironolactone is a potassium-sparing diuretic primarily used for conditions like heart failure or hypertension but is not effective in managing catecholamine-induced symptoms. Aspirin serves as an antiplatelet agent and is