What is the normal cardiac output (CO) range in liters per minute?

The normal cardiac output (CO) range is typically defined as 4-8 liters per minute in a healthy adult at rest. Cardiac output is a critical physiological parameter that reflects the amount of blood the heart pumps per minute, and it is a product of heart rate and stroke volume. In general clinical practice, the accepted normal range is significant because it helps clinicians assess the adequacy of a patient’s circulatory system.

Cardiac output may vary depending on factors such as the patient's body size, age, gender, and level of physical activity, but most adult populations fall within this 4-8 L/min range under resting conditions. Knowing this normal range helps healthcare providers quickly identify potential cardiovascular issues by comparing measured outputs against expected values during patient assessments.