What is the most common precipitating factor for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)?

The most common precipitating factor for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is sepsis. Sepsis leads to systemic inflammation and widespread endothelial injury, which can result in increased pulmonary capillary permeability. This process facilitates the accumulation of fluid in the alveoli and impairs gas exchange, a hallmark of ARDS.

While pneumonia, trauma, and aspiration are also known to trigger ARDS, sepsis is frequently noted as the most prevalent risk factor across various clinical studies. It is a complex condition that can stem from infections originating in different body systems, making it a significant contributor to the incidence of ARDS in hospitalized patients, particularly those in intensive care units. Understanding sepsis as a primary precipitant aids healthcare professionals in identifying and managing at-risk patients more effectively.