What is the most common cause of acute scrotal pain in adults?

The most common cause of acute scrotal pain in adults is indeed epididymitis. This condition is characterized by inflammation of the epididymis, which is the tube that stores and carries sperm. Epididymitis typically presents as sudden onset pain in the scrotum, often accompanied by swelling and tenderness. It is frequently associated with urinary tract infections or sexually transmitted infections, particularly in younger men.

Recognition of epididymitis is important, as it is typically treated with antibiotics and supportive care, whereas other causes of acute scrotal pain, such as testicular torsion, would require surgical intervention. Testicular torsion can present with similar symptoms but is less common compared to epididymitis; however, it is a surgical emergency because it can lead to loss of the testicle if not treated immediately.

Conditions like varicocele and cryptorchidism are less likely to present with acute scrotal pain. A varicocele is often asymptomatic and not usually associated with acute pain, while cryptorchidism refers to an undescended testicle and may not cause pain at all unless complications arise. Understanding the common presentations and differential diagnoses is crucial for accurate assessment and management in acute settings.