What condition is characterized by a markedly sunken sternum?

The condition characterized by a markedly sunken sternum is known as pectus excavatum. This congenital deformity results in a distinct depression of the sternum, leading to a concave appearance of the chest wall. The sunken sternum can sometimes be associated with other anomalies or symptoms, such as respiratory difficulties or cardiovascular issues, particularly as it can affect the volume of the thoracic cavity and subsequently impact lung function and heart positioning.

In contrast, pectus carinatum, which is another chest wall abnormality, features a protrusion of the sternum, creating a 'pigeon chest' appearance. Sternal cleft involves a complete or partial absence of the sternum, significantly different from the concave deformity of pectus excavatum. Pectus flatum is not a recognized medical condition but rather a term that may be misused or confused with other valid descriptions of chest wall deformities. Understanding these distinctions is important for accurate diagnosis and management of chest wall abnormalities.