What condition is characterized by thick secretions and recurrent infections in the lungs?

Cystic fibrosis is characterized by the production of thick, sticky secretions in various organs, particularly the lungs. This genetic disorder affects the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, which impairs chloride and bicarbonate ion transport across epithelial cells. As a result, the secretions in the respiratory system become unusually thick, leading to blockages and obstructed airways. This environment promotes recurrent respiratory infections due to bacteria thriving in the stagnant mucus.

In contrast, pneumonia involves inflammation of the lungs caused by infection, leading to fluid accumulation, but it does not typically result in the thick secretions characteristic of cystic fibrosis. Emphysema, a type of COPD, primarily involves damage to the alveoli and airways, not thick secretions. Chronic bronchitis, also a type of COPD, involves a chronic cough with sputum but is not primarily defined by the thickness of secretions seen in cystic fibrosis. Therefore, cystic fibrosis uniquely fits the description of thick secretions and recurrent infections in the lungs.