What characterizes the Dawn phenomenon in diabetes?

The Dawn phenomenon is characterized by hyperglycemia upon waking. This physiological condition occurs due to a combination of increasing hormone levels, such as cortisol, glucagon, and epinephrine, which typically rise in the early morning hours. These hormones contribute to increased insulin resistance and promote gluconeogenesis in the liver, leading to elevated blood glucose levels in the morning. For individuals with diabetes, this results in higher blood sugar readings upon waking, even if they have managed their blood glucose effectively throughout the night. Understanding the Dawn phenomenon is crucial for managing diabetes, as it can impact medication management and dietary choices in the early part of the day.