What are the primary functions of the Facial nerve?

The Facial nerve, or cranial nerve VII, is primarily responsible for controlling the muscles of facial expression, which allows for a wide range of expressions such as smiling, frowning, and raising the eyebrows. In addition to its role in facial movement, the Facial nerve also carries parasympathetic fibers that stimulate salivary glands, such as the submandibular and sublingual glands, contributing to the production of saliva. Furthermore, it innervates the lacrimal glands to facilitate tear production, playing a crucial role in moisture and lubrication of the eyes.

This multifaceted function makes the Facial nerve essential for both communication and various regulatory processes in the body. The other options pertain to functions carried out by different cranial nerves or systems; for example, control of muscles like the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid is associated with the accessory nerve, cardiovascular functions are managed by the vagus nerve, and balance and hearing are primarily functions of the vestibulocochlear nerve.