In tumor lysis syndrome, which electrolyte changes might be expected?

In tumor lysis syndrome (TLS), the rapid breakdown of tumor cells leads to the release of intracellular components into the bloodstream, resulting in significant metabolic disturbances. The correct choice highlights the typical electrolyte changes seen in this condition.

Increased potassium is a hallmark of tumor lysis syndrome because as tumor cells lyse, they release large amounts of potassium, which may lead to hyperkalemia. This condition poses serious risks, including cardiac arrhythmias.

Decreased calcium can occur due to the formation of calcium phosphate precipitates, particularly in the context of elevated phosphate levels that result from cell breakdown. The influx of phosphate into the serum can bind with calcium, leading to lower levels of ionized calcium in the blood.

While understanding why other options are incorrect is helpful, it’s crucial to focus on the key features of TLS. Therefore, recognizing that increased potassium and decreased calcium are common findings supports a better understanding of the pathophysiological changes that occur in this syndrome and guides appropriate clinical management.